Tuesday, 31 May 2016

You crushed Rahab like one of the slain; with your strong arm you scattered your enemies. – Psalm 89:10



Today’s Scripture Reading (May 31, 2016): Psalm 89

The context of our words are everything. It is one of the reasons that I really don’t like text driven communication. There is too much communication that is not done with our words, but rather with our expressions and body language. It is spoken with timing. Such was the case after Game 3 of the 2016 NBA Eastern Finals. The Toronto Raptors Bismack Biyombo was asked about the finger wag that he gave to the Cleveland Cavaliers in a game that, unlike to the two previous games, was dominated by the Raptors. In an interview, Biyombo insisted that the retired Congolese great Dikembe Mutombo gave him permission to use the finger wag that he had once used on his opponents. The two men are good friends and Congolese brothers, they speak to each other often and seem very proud of each other. But then Mutombo is caught by some reporters and asked if he did indeed give Biyombo permission to use the finger wag. Mutombo smiles and simply says that he doesn’t remember when that happen. And then the headlines hit “Dikembe Mutombo denies giving Bismack Biyombo of Toronto Raptors permission to use finger-wag celebration.” Ah, now we have what we want – controversy. Except that the words convey a different story when we watch the video. In the video, it seems that the whole conversation is done with tongue firmly planted in cheek. Is Mutombo upset that Biyombo used the finger-wag? No, Mutombo simply says “he’s making me famous.” But reading the facial expressions and movements of the retired star, you get a slightly different message than when just read the words. In the video of the conversation you can almost hear Mutombo saying, “come on guys, it’s a finger-wag, this is my brother Biyombo’s time to shine. I shone yesterday.” But context is everything.

For many of the Psalms, we simply don’t know enough context to know specific details or even when the Psalm was written. This psalm seems to be one of these. And part of the problem circles around the mention of Rahab. We know that we are not talking about the prostitute of Jericho. The Rahab mentioned in this passage is … well, that is the question. The answer is most likely either the multi-headed sea monster that was involved some of the ancient Middle East creation stories, or a code name for Egypt herself.

So what is the context of the word? The preceding verse indicates that God rules “over the raging sea,” a comment that would seem to indicate Rahab the Sea Monster. It would probably also indicate a fairly early authorship of the Psalm. The message is that the Creation of God is mightier than that of Rahab, or the he is the God who rules over creation.

But there are those who argue that this is written not around the time of David, but at the time of the Babylonian Captivity. The ending of the Psalm seems to strongly suggest that this is true. But that would not seem to change the meaning of Rahab. The message remains that my God is stronger than yours!  My God can defeat, dismember, and kill the multi-headed sea monster that you seem to believe made the world. And even though Israel has long since disappeared and Judah has been carried into captivity in Babylon, our God, the defeater of Rahab, is still on the throne.

But still others argue that Rahab is not the sea-monster here, but a metaphor for Egypt. If that is true, then it would seem that the context and the time of writing is very late – maybe even later than anything else in the Old Testament. The image of an Egypt that was crushed didn’t really match Egypt in the sixth-century B.C.E or Egypt at the time of the exile. Egypt was still believed to be a power then, and some had even hoped that Egypt would be able to come to the defense of Israel in their struggle against Babylon. But over the next couple of centuries, the power of Egypt would be crushed and the once mighty nation would be a shadow of herself. By the mid-fourth century, Egypt’s power was totally gone and the nation never regained its worldwide prominence. Then, these words regarding Rahab who was crushed would be totally appropriate being applied to Egypt.

And so we are left with the questions over context. Does any of this change the main message that we are to take from the Psalm? Maybe not. It changes places of writing and maybe the enemy in view and the circumstances, but the message remains the same – whatever the problem is that we face, God remains firmly on the throne.   

Tomorrow’s Scripture Reading: Psalm 1

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