It was I who taught Ephraim to walk, taking them by the arms; but they did not realize it was I who healed them. – Hosea 11:3

Today's Scripture Reading (April 16, 2026): Hosea 11 & 12

In a Department of Defense news briefing on February 12, 2002, U.S. Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld attempted to explain the lack of evidence linking Iraq to weapons of mass destruction. In explaining the situation, Rumsfeld distinguished between what he called three categories of knowledge. First, there are the known knowns, which encompass everything we know we know. I know where my house is and can find my way home. I know I love my wife, children, and grandchildren. I know that God wants us to love each other. Many things would fit into this category of things that I know I know.

Rumsfeld's second category was known unknowns. These are the things that I know I don't know. I am not a brain surgeon; I don't know how to do that, and because I don't know, I would never try. My granddaughter was diagnosed with hip dysplasia when she was two, and I am thankful for the medical staff who operated on her because I know that procedure was beyond what I know. Both of these first categories are easy for us because we either know or we know that we don't know.

Rumsfeld's third category is the most troublesome: unknown unknowns. These are things we don't know that we don't know, or things we don't even know we should know. Sometimes I know I can be a bit of a government apologist, but these are the areas where I believe our government often makes its most serious mistakes; they simply don't know what they don't know. Maybe they should have, but I know from my own life that my actions have definite consequences, and some are very unexpected because I don't know some things. Confused? I know the feeling.

God speaks through Hosea and is speaking to the Northern Kingdom of Israel, or Ephraim. And maybe we would be excused if we thought that God had given up on them. They had rebelled against the house of David, rejected the Temple in Jerusalem and the worship that took place there, and exchanged it for the worship of the Golden Calfs set up in Bethel and Dan. Their kings had decided to follow different religious practices, and often resorted to murder to accomplish regime change; they seemed to love doing evil.

But God says that he hadn't given up on them. They didn't know that they didn't know, but in the days of Jeroboam I, he taught Ephraim to walk; in bad times, he took them in his arms; and when they were sick, he healed them. But Ephraim didn't know that God was still with them. It never occurred to them that God would stand by their side, even though they had chosen to walk a different path.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 13 & 14       

Samaria's king will be destroyed, swept away like a twig on the surface of the waters. - Hosea 10:7

Today's Scripture Reading (April 15, 2026): Hosea 10

Hosea's ministry in Israel was a long one. It would seem unlikely that the writing that bears his name was written at one particular time. His time on the stage of Israel probably began late in the reign of Jeroboam II. The Bible describes Jeroboam II as an evil King; however, he reigned for over four decades and chose to protect the Prophet Amos. While the poor and weak were both marginalized and taken advantage of during his long reign, that could be said of other Kings of that time. Probably the best we can say about this king is that Jeroboam II provided a stable environment for the people of Israel during his reign, something his successors were unable to do.

Jeroboam's son, Zechariah, assumed the throne of Israel upon his father's death, but his reign lasted only six months. King Zechariah was murdered by the captain of his guard, a man named Shallum, who then took the throne for himself. For Hosea, this act likely ended the reigns of the legitimate kings of Israel.

Shallum reigned for one month before the captain of his guard, Menahem, killed Shallum and once again took the throne for himself. Menahem provided a little more stability to Israel and reigned for 10 years over his Kingdom. Menahem died of natural causes, and his son, Pekahiah, replaced him on the throne. But what had become an ordinary occurrence in Israel since the death of Jeroboam II, Pekahiah reigned for two years before he was assassinated by another military officer named Pekah, who then became king as had the murderers who preceded him.

Pekah reigned for eight years, but they were eventful. One of the major events during the reign of Pekah was the rising threat posed by Assyria to the nations in the area. Pekah and Israel (Samaria) decided to ally with Aram-Damascus against Assyria, and they invited Judah to join the alliance. However, Judah was not interested in allying with Israel. King Pekah refused to take Judah's no as an appropriate answer. So, with the backing of Aram-Damascus, Israel went to war with Judah. Assyria had been watching developments to the south of its territory and decided to enter the war on Judah's side. Judah, with Assyria's assistance, won the war, but at a high price: Judah became a tributary of the Assyrian Empire.

It is probably during this time that Hosea writes this prophecy. He probably didn't live long enough to see Israel fall to the Assyrians in 722 B.C.E. and disappear into the pages of history. Still, he was present during this war and witnessed King Pekah's assassination by a close friend and advisor, Hoshea. In 722 B.C.E., Hoshea became the King who was destroyed and "swept away like a twig on the surface of the waters" (Hosea 10:7). Hoshea disappeared from the pages of history, and the reality is that after 722, we don't know what happened to the last King of Israel (Samaria).

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 11 & 12

Threshing floors and winepresses will not feed the people; the new wine will fail them. – Hosea 9:2

Today's Scripture Reading (April 14, 2026): Hosea 9

I like the idea of repurposing some buildings. There was an old grocery store not far from where I live that remained empty for a long time. The problem, admittedly, was the price the owners wanted for the building and the cost of recreating something different within it. I thought the property would have made a good church. It had ample parking, which is often the nemesis of any church, and I often wished I were wealthy enough to buy the property and donate it to a church organization.

Churches are often forced to move to the suburbs and outskirts because undeveloped land is available there, and it is often cheaper to build on. But the flip side is that it leaves inner-city neighborhoods without nearby churches. Churches in the suburbs are often driven to rather than walked to. Admittedly, that is another problem of the contemporary church. We are creating churches that serve a particular niche rather than a community. I think the best solution to the problem is to repurpose buildings in the inner city. A local example is an inner-city theater that has been transitioned to a city-center church. It can be done, but it is never easy.

But that is not the situation about which Hosea is speaking. The threshing floor and winepresses have been repurposed into churches; however, these worship spaces were dedicated to honoring false gods. The problem was that there was a purpose to worship on the threshing floor. The hope was that the worship service on the threshing floor or winepress would increase the harvest. Maybe in contemporary times, it would be like holding a spring church service in your barn, hoping the worship would translate into a better harvest the next fall.

I have to admit that holding a worship service in a barn might be fun, but it would not guarantee a good harvest, even if the God of Israel were the one being worshiped. Jesus spoke directly to this situation in his "Sermon on the Mount."

But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be children of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous (Matthew 5:44-45).

Hosea's concern is the purpose of these worship events. It was not Yahweh who was being worshiped, but instead, the local false gods. As far as Hosea was concerned, they might as well have hosted a local hootenanny or dance, because that would probably at least encourage the neighborhood. But worshiping false gods would not increase the harvest, even if the worship was taking place on the local threshing floors and winepresses.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 10

For they have gone up to Assyria like a wild donkey wandering alone. Ephraim has sold herself to lovers. – Hosea 8:9

Today's Scripture Reading (April 13, 2026): Hosea 8

Wild donkeys still exist, but they are critically endangered. Most of what we see as wild donkeys are actually descendants of domesticated breeds that have gone feral. But there still are wild donkeys in the world. Part of the conservation problem is distinguishing feral domesticated animals from truly wild donkeys; however, it is an important distinction, and the real wild donkeys desperately need our help.

Wild donkeys are very different from wild horses, especially when it comes to social structures. In the wild, horses form permanent herds for protection. Donkeys don't. It is not that they don't come together for protection, because they do. But a donkey is much more fluid in the social structure they adopt. They may gather in large herds when food is plentiful, but when food is scarce, they can shrink their social groups. They also tend to establish territories rather than fighting for harems. And there is evidence that grandmothers, mothers, and daughters stay together to facilitate the teaching of the next generation.

What donkeys seldom do is go it alone. They need other donkeys for protection and support. It might be a small group of donkeys standing together when food is scarce, but donkeys still tend to stand as a group. Something has gone very wrong if a wild donkey stands alone.

It is part of what has happened to Israel or Ephraim. Hosea describes Israel as a wild donkey that has chosen to stand alone; because it is alone, it is also vulnerable. Eventually, Ephraim will have to stand against Assyria, the bully on the world stage during this era, and unless things change, they will do it alone. They would not be the only ones. Nations often seem to think that they can stand alone, but none of them can. We need each other. Eventually, Israel will fall to Assyria because it decides to stand alone. Assyria would eventually fall to Babylon because it stood alone. Babylon would fall to the Medes and Persians because it was alone—next, the Greeks, then the Romans. But the disease is always the same; someone decides that they can stand alone.

Following the Second World War, the two Uniteds, the Kingdom and the States, realized that survival was possible only if the nations stood together. It is the reason behind the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO could stand against the Soviet Union and its satellites and survive, allowing Germany to transform itself once more into an economic power in Europe, because they decided to do so together. Today, as we begin to see cracks develop in NATO, there is no mystery as to what will happen if we go it alone. History has already told our story. And Hosea spoke of it to Israel. Becoming a wild donkey and walking alone in the wilderness means we will fail, regardless of how strong we think we are. We will have sold ourselves to lovers who only want to take us for what they can, and then let us die in the presence of the next pack that decides to stand together.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 9

They do not cry out to me from their hearts but wail on their beds. They slash themselves, appealing to their gods for grain and new wine, but they turn away from me. – Hosea 7:14

Today's Scripture Reading (April 12, 2026): Hosea 7

Many years ago, I found myself in an argument with a respected engineer. I probably should have admitted defeat from the very beginning, but I waded into the conversation unprepared for what was about to happen. We were talking about the Theory of Evolution. I was admitting where I saw holes in the theory, especially in the idea of a natural movement from simple to complex, or from chaos to order. In every place in nature of which I am aware, the natural movement is in the other direction, from order to chaos. However, I admit that the Theory of Evolution makes sense to me, and we see evidence of this in the natural world. My solution to the problem was a guided evolution, a primary mover whom I call God or Yahweh, you can call him or her or it or them anything you want, who guides the process. It is a natural solution to the problem. A guided evolution could move from chaos to order, which seems impossible any other way.

Somehow, our discussion moved to the concept of theory and law. And my observation was that we have something we call "The Theory of Gravity," which seemed to me more like a proven Law. The concept of Gravity explains why I can walk on Earth, why the planets orbit the sun, and why tides exist. And it explains so much, allowing us to operate and dream of leaving the Earth, and clarifying the difference between Gravity here on our Blue Marble and on the Moon, or even what we might experience on Mars if we decide to go there. Yet, despite the evidence for Gravity's existence and our ability to explain it, it is still labeled as a "theory."

My engineer friend smiled and explained why. He explained that we don't know Gravity exists; we have an explanation that seems to work, but who knows whether it's true. Everything that I attribute to Gravity is more fully explained by "The Law of Repeated Events," which simply states that, under certain circumstances, things that occur one way will always occur that way. I am not sure he sold me on his explanation.

God, speaking through Hosea, speaks about all the ways Israel has tried to handle the life around them. They weep in their beds and slash their flesh. They ask the false gods of the nations for grain and new wine, but all of their actions end in futility. The one thing they don't do is go to the God of their forefathers, yet only He holds the answers to the people's problems. In the end, they brush off the Law of God by calling it just another theory accepted by people living in their sister Kingdom of Judah, but not by them. They are smart enough to know they need to look elsewhere, even when elsewhere isn't working.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 8

As at Adam, they have broken the covenant; they were unfaithful to me there. – Hosea 6:7

Today's Scripture Reading (April 11, 2026): Hosea 6

When I was younger, I worked in a church office. Actually, I worked with the church's youth, was involved in the church's music, and produced the weekly worship order and bulletin. One thing you should know about me is that I really struggle with proofreading. Too often, I read what I want to be there rather than what is. Whether it looks like it or not, I depend heavily on grammar apps even in writing this blog. And back then, I relied heavily on early grammar apps that focused more on spelling than grammar.

When producing the bulletin, I would often use the previous week's worship folder as a template, updating the info that had changed since then. But my lack of proofreading skills often meant mistakes went unchecked. I remember one mistake that lasted for an embarrassing number of months. The problem was that it was part of the bulletin that was featured every week without change. It was a permanent part of the Worship Order, which was included on the back page of the Worship Folder. The phrase included was "Open Alter," indicating a prayer time that usually occurred in the first half of the service. Because it was a weekly feature, I seldom looked at the phrase.

However, one retired Pastor in the congregation read the phrase every week and cringed. The problem was a spelling mistake. Finally, this Pastor had had enough, and he came to me to ask me to correct the spelling. It shouldn't have read "Open Alter", which would indicate some sort of change, but rather "Open Altar", indicating a place of prayer. He added, in his request that I correct the spelling, that maybe we hoped people would change at the Prayer Altar, but we still shouldn't spell "Altar" that way. And he was right.

We have a grammatical problem with this passage in Hosea. Grammatically, everything points to a place called "Adam." In this English translation, the grammar is rendered for the reader as "at Adam," which is reinforced by the phrase at the end of the verse, "they were unfaithful to me there." However, the context seems to refer to a person named Adam, or perhaps to the human race.

And so, we struggle through this passage. If something happened at a place called Adam, we are not sure what that was. But we do know that Adam and Eve, at the beginning of the human story, rebelled against God, they broke the covenant, and proved themselves unfaithful to the God who had created them and walked with them. And Israel was walking down that same road, just like Adam.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 7

Personal Note: Happy Birthday to my sister, Cheri.

I know all about Ephraim; Israel is not hidden from me. Ephraim, you have now turned to prostitution; Israel is corrupt. – Hosea 5:3

Today's Scripture Reading (April 10, 2026): Hosea 5

I remember the game. We were winning; in fact, it wasn't a contest. It was late in the game, and we were up by over 4 touchdowns, threatening to score again. It was early in the season, and we were unbeaten. None of the games had been close, but then again, we hadn't played the good teams yet. In the stands, the crowd's emotions were rising. Then, suddenly, I heard the beginnings of a chant. "We're number one. We're number one." I think I muttered, "Yeah, we're number one." It was the truth. Unbeaten, we were in sole possession of first place in our division. Yes, it was early, but we had to be the favorites to win the division.

Unfortunately, I was walking past the coach when I made my comment, and he immediately voiced his displeasure. He did not want to hear any of his players making that comment. We weren't number one until the timer had hit zeroes on the final game of the season with us in the lead. Until that moment came, all we were was a bunch of wannabes with a lot to prove.

Have you ever noticed that no one brags about being number two? We remember the champions, but seldom remember the runners-up. Okay, most of the time, unless there is something special about the futility. I am old enough to remember watching the Buffalo Bills play in four consecutive Super Bowls from 1991 to 1994. Maybe I remember that team because they lost them all. They came in second four years in a row. They are the only team to appear in four consecutive Super Bowls, and of course, the only team to lose them all. It has been over three decades since then, and they have never been invited back to the dance.

It is not just in modern sports that this competition exists. All through our lives, we want to find something that we can dominate at; something where we can say, "I'm number one. Number twos need not apply."

Judah was the largest of the twelve tribes of Israel. They were in possession of Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple, and the line of David came from their ranks. For the other eleven tribes, it was a reminder of Judah's supremacy. As a result, jealousy arose between the tribes, especially between the Tribe of Ephraim and Judah; Ephraim was number two. And they became defined by their "twoness."

So, they became the masters of imitation. Ephraim had led the rebellion against Judah after Solomon's reign. Judah might have Solomon's Temple, but Ephraim enthusiastically supported the worship advocated by the northern tribes of the two Golden Calves, which were placed in Bethel and Dan. Ephraim contaminated the Northern Tribes with their leadership and quickly led their neighbors away from God.

There is a principle that argues that if you tell a lie often enough, people will eventually begin to believe it. But there is a more insidious effect of telling the lie. If you tell it enough, you begin to believe it yourself. Hosea argues that Ephraim had told their lies so often that they began to believe them. Hosea reminds them that not only were they rejecting a truth, but God was aware of their acceptance of a lie, and He was not pleased. In using the title "Ephraim," he was not just indicating the tribe, but all of the northern tribes who had chosen to follow "number two" into evil and defeat.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Hosea 6