Sunday, 24 September 2023

His armed forces will rise up to desecrate the temple fortress and will abolish the daily sacrifice. Then they will set up the abomination that causes desolation. – Daniel 11:31

Today's Scripture Reading (September 24, 2023): Daniel 11

Antiochus IV Epiphanes was born in 215 B.C.E. He was the son of the Seleucid King, Antiochus III the Great. As was common practice then and the result of various treaties, the young prince Antiochus IV was surrendered to Rome as a political hostage to ensure peace between the Romans and the Greek Seleucid Empire. Antiochus III died on July 3, 187 B.C.E., and was succeeded by Seleucus IV Philopator, the brother of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. At that time, Antiochus Epiphanes was returned by Rome to Athens in exchange for Demetrius I Soter, the son and heir of Seleucis IV Philopator. Political intrigue continued in the Seleucid empire, and the King was assassinated. Because the King's rightful heir was a captive in Rome, Antiochus IV Epiphanes claimed the throne of the Seleucid Empire. Later, Antiochus IV had the young Demetrius assassinated, solidifying his claim to be the Seleucid Empire's King.

I know it is a long story, but Antiochus and how he came to the throne is important. It is at this moment that some believe the prophecies of Daniel could be explained. Antiochus Epiphanes has become one of the prime villains of the Jews. His ascension to the Seleucid Throne changed everything. Antiochus would stop the practice of the Seleucids from honoring the Jewish people and their religion. Until his reign, the Greeks were benevolent overseers of the nation, allowing the Jews to practice their religion without interference. But Antiochus Epiphanes ended that practice and set up the conditions which would facilitate the following Jewish rebellion. He started by forbidding many of the daily practices the Jews followed, an action that was foretold by Daniel, saying that he "will abolish the daily sacrifice." But then he began to sacrifice pigs at various places in the Temple, including the altar, and the stakes were raised by sprinkling the pig blood throughout the Temple. The significance of Antiochus IV's action was that pigs were unclean animals according to Jewish Law; therefore, their blood made the Temple unclean. But he didn't stop there. He also forced the High Priest and various other high-ranking Jews to eat the pig flesh, something that went against the Jewish food laws. The sacrifice of the pigs and the sprinkling of the blood throughout the Temple made Jewish worship there impossible. And ever since Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Great Swine he sacrificed at the Altar of the Temple, has been called the "abomination that causes desolation." It was the sacrifice that made the Temple area unclean. 

But is it? Is the "abomination that causes desolation" Antiochus Epiphanes's Great Swine? Was the Great Swine the reason why Daniel was written? It might surprise some to know that Jesus says no. Antiochus IV Epiphanes may fit the prophecy well, but Jesus makes this remark almost two centuries after the time of the Seleucid King.

"So when you see standing in the holy place 'the abomination that causes desolation,' spoken of through the prophet Daniel—let the reader understand— then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. Let no one on the housetop go down to take anything out of the house. Let no one in the field go back to get their cloak. How dreadful it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers! Pray that your flight will not take place in winter or on the Sabbath. For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now—and never to be equaled again (Matthew 24:15-20).

The Abomination that causes Desolation is still in our future and will be much worse than the Great Swine sacrificed in the Temple. But the Abomination will arrive; the question is simply when it will finally appear.

Tomorrow's Scripture Reading: Daniel 12

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