Monday, 15 May 2017

“Announce and proclaim among the nations, lift up a banner and proclaim it; keep nothing back, but say, ‘Babylon will be captured; Bel will be put to shame, Marduk filled with terror. Her images will be put to shame and her idols filled with terror.’ – Jeremiah 50:2


Today’s Scripture Reading (May 15, 2017): Jeremiah 50

In ancient times, the war on earth was really a battle between the gods. The belief was that if your god is strong enough, then he (or she, but in ancient times most often he) will not allow your forces to be defeated. The people fought and died in the wars between nations, but it was the strength of the gods that was on trial.

So the plea Judah was often a cry for the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to stand up and defend his honor by helping his people to win their battles with the nations. Often, God responded. It was God who divided the Red Sea in the time of Moses, allowing the people of Israel to escape across dry land while drowning the Egyptian army that trailed behind. Yahweh won over the gods of Egypt. God stood beside David throughout his reign, maintaining the secure borders of the King in spite of David’s weaknesses, and winning a victory over the gods of the nations who surrounded Israel. During the reign of Hezekiah, God miraculously defended the city of Jerusalem against the Assyrian Empire’s siege of the city and the power of the gods of Assyria. All of this was evidence of the strength of Yahweh, the God of Israel and Judah.

But, by the same measure, the loss of Jerusalem at the hand of Babylonians would have been interpreted as a weakness of God. Yahweh did not measure up to Marduk, the national God of Babylon. Therefore, it was Marduk’s strength that allowed for the victory of Babylon over the forces of Yahweh. This was definitely the belief of Nebuchadnezzar as he advanced his empire. He even named his son Amel-Marduk in honor of Babylon’s god. The Marduk and Bel mentioned in this passage are actually different names for the same god. Marduk was identified with Jupiter among the planets and was addressed as the King of heaven and earth.”

In Judah, the loss of Jerusalem forced the people, and the prophets, to begin to search for another answer. The most common response was that Yahweh had temporarily relinquished control of Judah and Jerusalem in an attempt to get the attention of his people. Nebuchadnezzar had been a tool of God used for that purpose. But there was no doubt that the situation that Judah was experiencing was temporary. Yahweh had a plan, even if the exiles did not understand that plan.

Jeremiah’s prophecy is simple. Yahweh may have allowed for the defeat of Judah, but it was not because of the vast power of Marduk (or Bel). The god of Babylon had no power over the God of Judah. The time was coming, and it was not far off, when the house of Nebuchadnezzar would fall. To make his point, according to James Burton Coffman, Jeremiah uses a word here for an idol that is a favorite of Jeremiah’s contemporary, Ezekiel. Literally, Jeremiah calls the idols of Marduk “balls of dung.” The implication is obvious. Don’t depend on excrement with your destiny. Excrement will always fail you in the end.

Nebuchadnezzar’s Empire did not last long after the King’s death. Nabopolassar took Babylon away from the Assyrians. Nebuchadnezzar II, the son of Nabopolassar, made the city-state into an empire. Amel- Marduk, the son of Nebuchadnezzar II, reigned two short years after the death of his father before he was murdered, and then kingship went to those who were not descended from Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar. And by 539 B.C.E, just under fifty years after the fall of Jerusalem, the Babylonian Empire came to a halt – Bel was put to shame, and Marduk was filled with terror.

Tomorrow’s Scripture Reading: Jeremiah 51

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