Today’s Scripture
Reading (October 31, 2017): John 11
Five hundred years ago today, a monk named Martin Luther nailed his “95
Theses” to the door of Wittenberg
University, an act that is remembered as
the start of the Reformation and one of
the initial movements toward a split that developed within the Roman Catholic
Church. It was that split that eventually resulted in an independent Protestant
Church (because we “protested”) that existed outside of papal authority. In
popular thought, the cause of Luther’s “95 Theses” was found in his conflict with Johann Tetzel, a popular preacher who promised that souls of
the deceased could be forgiven of their
sins through the monetary gifts to the church on behalf of their loved ones. According
to Tetzel, these payments or indulgences came in two varieties, one for the living
and one for the dead. Indulgences paid for the forgiveness of the sins of a
living person existed in a complicated
relationship with repentance and acts of contrition. But repentance and contrition
were impossible for the forgiveness of the
sin of the one who had already died. So Tetzel preached that offerings for the
dead were all that was needed to
guarantee the entrance of the pre-deceased person into heaven. And payment of
an indulgence could be applied to any person guilty of any sin. (Just think of
the evilest person that you can imagine
and, according to Tetzel, even that person could find his or her way into
heaven as long as the appropriate offering was
made on their behalf.) The following couplet is thought to have
originated with Johann Tetzel.
As soon as the
gold in the casket rings
The rescued soul to heaven springs.
The rescued soul to heaven springs.
Martin Luther disagreed, and several of
his Theses took direct aim at the practice of indulgences, but maybe three of
his Theses, Theses 27 – 29, took immediate
issue with the teaching of Johann Tetzel. Here
Martin Luther argues that (27) Tetzel’s doctrine was merely a human one and
contained no divine wisdom or authority, (28) that it is only greed that is
increased by the ringing of a coin in the money-box, and that the result of any
intercession lays in the hands of God, and (29) some souls might not want to be
brought out of their purgatorial existence. But in all of this, it is God who knows,
and God is the judge.
But the heart of Martin Luther’s argument
with the Roman Church really focused on the idea of Salvation by faith. This is the same argument that Jesus is making
with Lazarus’s sisters. It is a belief in
Jesus that is ultimately important, even in the worst moments of life.
As we read this passage, the question
that should ring out in our minds is “do you believe this?” Because if you believe
this, then nothing else matters – and that includes the payment of any sort of indulgence.
Tomorrow’s Scripture
Reading: Matthew 19